Consumer
E-shops today face the challenge of two new European regulations that fundamentally affect their day-to-day operations. The Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) introduces new obligations regarding packaging and its composition, while the AI Act defines transparency rules for chatbots and
GDPR and form of address: Is it necessary to know the customer’s gender?
A French railway company required its customers to specify whether they wanted to be addressed as “Mr” or “Ms” when booking their tickets online. A recent ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union shows that such a requirement is unlawful. This is because the data relating to the title ar
Class action against Apple in the Netherlands: which Dutch court has jurisdiction, according to the CJEU?
A foundation representing Dutch app developers, Stichting Right to Consumer Justice, and a non-profit organisation defending the interests of mobile app users, Stichting App Stores Claims, filed class actions in the Netherlands against Apple Inc. and its subsidiary Apple Ireland in February 2021 and
How long can a discount last? The court has now taken a new view on the issue of long-term discounts
The Regional Court in Pilsen has annulled a decision of the Czech Trade Inspection Authority, which had fined a shoe retailer for labelling long-term discounted goods as “discount.” The court disagreed with the Czech Trade Inspection Authority's view on the issue of duration of discount promotions a
How will price tags look like in 2025? New rules for displaying unit prices in a nutshell
As of 1 January 2025, the rules for labelling products with unit prices have changed. This obligation now extends beyond food products to include certain non-food products as well. What does this mean for retailers and which products are affected? We have summarized the key points you need to know.
The Demise of the ODR Platform: Implications for EU Consumers and Traders
The European Union launched the Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) platform in 2016 to facilitate efficient online resolution of consumer complaints within the EU. However, the EU has now decided to discontinue this project, prompting questions about its effectiveness and future. This article explores
Beginning of the end of greenwashing? German courts consider it an unfair commercial practice
European rules for “green” marketing within the EU are set to become stricter in two years. The legislation, approved this spring, has put unsubstantiated environmental claims on the blacklist of unfair commercial practices (as we wrote here). Can greenwashing already be considered an unfair commerc
New General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR) – what does it bring and how will it affect the market?
In just a few days, on 13 December 2024, the General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR) will come into effect, introducing new product safety requirements and obligations. It will impact a vast number of businesses, including manufacturers, importers, and distributors, as well as providers of e-shops
Czech and Slovak price reduction regulation – what is the same and what is different?
The new price reduction rules adopted to protect consumers from “fake” price reductions and price manipulation continue to be a hotly debated topic. While in the Czech Republic, the rules have been in force for almost two years, in Slovakia companies had to prepare for them as late as this July. For
AI shopping assistants: a new shopping experience
The rapidly evolving AI takes up many forms in an increasing number of industries. E-commerce is no different. Recently, AI-powered digital shopping assistants have started to emerge in the world of online shopping. Our article explains what such assistants can do, why they should be incorporated in
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